ConnectSecure Blog

MSP Vulnerability Scanning: Implementing Effective Risk Prioritization

Written by ConnectSecure | Feb 5, 2025 2:00:00 PM

Most of your clients probably believe their systems are patched and protected. Yet every week, new vulnerabilities appear that could give attackers access to those same “protected” systems.

When a new vulnerability is discovered, you have an average of just five days before attackers begin exploiting it — down from 32 days in previous years (more on that later in this post). Adding continuous vulnerability management to your security services lets you spot and fix these weaknesses before attackers get their chance.

But how do you determine which vulnerabilities demand immediate action and which can wait? This strategic risk prioritization marks the difference between proactive security and constant firefighting.

Detecting and Responding to Zero-Day and N-Day Threats

Key Vulnerability Classifications

Before exploring interpretation strategies, let's establish two fundamental concepts in vulnerability scanning for MSPs:

A zero-day vulnerability represents a security flaw that attackers exploit before vendors or security teams discover it exists. The term "zero-day" refers to defenders having zero days to prepare or protect against it.

An n-day vulnerability refers to any security flaw that has been publicly known for 'n' number of days. While patches typically exist for these vulnerabilities, systems remain at risk until updates are applied.

Time-to-Exploit: The Critical Numbers

Recent data underscores why these definitions matter. Google's 2023 analysis reveals that 70% of analyzed vulnerabilities were exploited as zero-days, while the average Time-to-Exploit (TTE) for n-day vulnerabilities dropped to just five days — down from 32 days in previous years. For MSPs, this dramatic reduction means the time available to assess and patch vulnerabilities has shrunk significantly.

External vs. Comprehensive Vulnerability Scanning

Vulnerability scanning falls into two distinct categories, each serving different security objectives:

Starting at the Perimeter: External Scanning

External vulnerability scanning focuses on the attack surface that is exposed to the outside world — the internet-facing assets visible to potential attackers. This includes web servers, email gateways, remote access points, and cloud services. External scans identify vulnerabilities in your clients' digital perimeter, where most initial breach attempts occur.

Beyond the Perimeter: Comprehensive Assessment

Comprehensive vulnerability scanning encompasses both external and internal systems. This includes workstations, internal servers, network devices, and applications that may not directly connect to the internet but could be targeted once an attacker gains initial access.

Prioritizing Your Response

The distinction matters for prioritization. When a critical vulnerability appears in an internet-facing system, the exposure risk multiplies. IBM's 2024 Cost of a Data Breach Report found that breaches involving public cloud assets cost organizations an average of $5.17 million — highlighting why external vulnerabilities often demand faster response.

However, internal systems require equal attention in your security strategy. Attackers who breach the perimeter will probe for internal vulnerabilities, making regular comprehensive scanning essential for defense in depth.

How Vulnerability Scoring Systems Work

MSPs need reliable metrics to evaluate vulnerability severity. Two key scoring systems work together to inform prioritization decisions:

CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System)

CVSS assigns a base score from 0-10 to vulnerabilities based on their inherent characteristics:

  • Access complexity
  • Required privileges
  • Impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability
  • Authentication requirements

While CVSS helps understand a vulnerability's potential impact, it doesn't indicate the likelihood of exploitation.

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System)

EPSS fills this gap by predicting the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild. Recent analysis from Cyentia Institute and FIRST revealed:

  • Vulnerabilities with EPSS scores above 0.6 had an 80% exploitation rate
  • Organizations focusing on high-EPSS vulnerabilities achieved 60% remediation of actively exploited flaws

Using these systems together provides a clearer picture. CVSS tells you how severe a vulnerability could be, while EPSS indicates how likely it is to be targeted. For example, a vulnerability with a high CVSS score but low EPSS score might be less urgent than one with moderate CVSS but high EPSS.

Read more: EPSS Scoring: A Quick Guide for MSPs on Vulnerability Prioritization

Best Practices for Vulnerability Interpretation

Context Matters

Raw vulnerability scores don't tell the complete story. Consider these factors when assessing scan results:

  • Asset criticality to business operations
  • Data sensitivity on affected systems
  • Existing security controls and mitigations
  • Client industry requirements and compliance needs

Time-Based Prioritization

The shrinking exploit timeline demands swift action. With a Time-to-Exploit of just five days, it’s important to keep in mind:

  • Vulnerabilities in external systems need evaluation within hours, not days
  • High-risk findings (CVSS >9.0 or EPSS >0.6) require immediate triage
  • Weekly vulnerability review cycles may leave clients exposed too long

Compensating Controls

Not every vulnerability demands an immediate patch. Consider:

  • Network segmentation effects
  • Access control restrictions
  • Monitoring capabilities
  • Backup and recovery options

The presence of strong compensating controls might allow you to address some vulnerabilities during scheduled maintenance instead of emergency patching.

Creating an Action Plan for Vulnerability Prioritization

Risk-Based Remediation Framework

Establish clear remediation timelines based on risk levels:

Critical Risks (Address within 24-48 hours):

  • External vulnerabilities with high EPSS scores
  • Zero-day vulnerabilities in exposed systems
  • Critical CVSS scores (9.0-10.0) on key assets

High Risks (Address within one week):

  • Internal systems with high CVSS scores
  • Medium EPSS scores on external systems
  • Vulnerabilities affecting multiple clients

Medium Risks (Address within 30 days):

  • Moderate CVSS scores on internal systems
  • Low EPSS scores
  • Issues with strong compensating controls

Resource Allocation

Prevention is far more cost-effective than dealing with a breach. Streamline your vulnerability management through:

  • Automated vulnerability scanning across client environments
  • Built-in compliance framework support
  • Integration with your existing MSP toolset
  • Streamlined reporting and assessment tools

This approach helps identify and address vulnerabilities before they can be exploited, reducing the risk of breaches occurring in the first place.

Client Communication

Keep clients informed without causing alarm:

  • Share prioritized vulnerability reports
  • Explain remediation timelines
  • Document risk acceptance when needed
  • Provide regular progress updates

Take Action: Protect Your Clients' Digital Assets

Effective vulnerability management requires balancing speed, precision, and resources. Understanding the relationship between zero-day and n-day vulnerabilities, utilizing both CVSS and EPSS scoring systems, and maintaining clear communication with clients creates a foundation for success. As exploitation timelines continue to shrink MSPs must evolve their approach to vulnerability assessment and remediation.

Ready to enhance your vulnerability management program?

Start protecting your clients' digital perimeter today with ConnectSecure's comprehensive vulnerability scanning platform. Sign up for a 14-day free trial to experience:

  • Automated external and internal vulnerability scanning
  • Intelligent risk prioritization with EPSS integration
  • Streamlined remediation workflows
  • Multi-tenant management capabilities

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